Indian Forest: A silent Hero in green diplomacy

In an era marked by global environmental challenges, countries worldwide are increasingly exploring the importance of green diplomacy. With an expansive and varied forest cover, India is a critical player in green diplomacy. 

What is green diplomacy, and how can the Indian forest hold an important role in it? Well, it is the diplomacy that intersects both human interests as well as environmental conservation. It is using ecological sustainability as a cornerstone of International Relations. Green diplomacy targets forests and focuses on the preservation, sustainable management, and restoration of forest ecosystems. These targets are crucial for biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation, and the well-being of communities that depend on forests.

According to the ISFR 2021, the country's total forest cover is 7,13,789 square kilometers, which is 21.72% of the total geographical area of the country. According to an economic survey, India ranks third in net gain in increase in total forest area during 2010-2020. 

Furthermore, The country's commitment to increasing forest cover as part of its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement showcases its dedication to global environmental efforts. These commitments enhance India's image as a responsible and forward-thinking nation on the international stage. In addition, Under the Biodiversity and Land Degradation Theme, India aims to improve G20's contributions to achieve a 50 percent reduction in degraded lands by 2040, according to a presentation shared by the Union Environment Ministry.

International recognition

India has now received a globally recognized certification scheme; for instance, a Geneva-based non-profit organization endorsed the Certification Standard for Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) developed by the Network for Certification and Conservation of Forests (NCCF), an Indian non-profit.

In addition, On March 4, 2019, the Council of Programme for Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC), the international non-profit that provides independent third-party certification for sustainable forest management, took this decision through a postal ballot.

Challenges

Although India has proved itself to achieve greater heights in forest cover, specific challenges persist, including population growth.

The demand for timber is estimated to grow faster, from 58 million cubic meters in 2005 to 153 million cubic meters in 2020. The annual growth of the forest stock can only supply 70 million cubic meters of timber, forcing us to import hardwood timber from other countries. 

In India, 67 percent of rural households depend on firewood for cooking. 

A fact consistently noted by ISFR reports is that there has been constant pressure on forests in northeastern India and the tribal districts.

Moreover, climate change also leads to the destruction of forests as it causes cases like forest fires, etc.

Economic prospects

Indian forests offer substantial economic prospects in green diplomacy. They contribute to carbon sequestration, aiding climate change mitigation under international agreements. These biodiverse ecosystems align with global biodiversity conservation goals and support eco-tourism initiatives. Rich in medicinal plants and bio-resources, they enable bioprospecting collaborations. Forests also play a crucial role in regulating water resources, addressing a diplomatic concern. Sharing indigenous knowledge and green technology innovation fosters international cooperation. India's expertise in sustainable forest management can be used for capacity building in other nations. These avenues position Indian forests as valuable assets in diplomatic efforts for a sustainable and greener world.

Conclusion

Green diplomacy and Indian forests are intricately linked. As the world grapples with pressing environmental challenges, especially after COVID-19, this symbiotic relationship underscores the critical role of green diplomacy in shaping a sustainable future.

Written by Aastha Shukla | Proofread by Yasmin Uzykanova